推定合法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tuīdìnggěfǎ]
推定合法 英文
presumption of legality
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. See ronald dworkin, no right answer ? in law, morality, and society, essays in honour of h. l. hart, p. m. s. hacker and j. rax eds., clarendon press oxford, 1977, pp58 - 59

    關于憲法解釋與法律解釋的具體區別可參見韓大元： 《論合憲性推定原則》 ， 《山西大學學報》 （哲學社會科學版） 2004年第3期。
  2. Simultaneously, combine with his own work experience, the author gets an advanced detail and general design steps. and then illustrates an actual engineering which is designed with the article ’ s recommendatory method and steps. by combining with the test results, it is proved that the ground treatment result obtains the design requirement and the commendatory method is right, which is able to provide reference value to the engineering

    本文首先對加筋土的研究現狀做了詳細的介紹和分析，在此基礎之上，對加筋土地基設計方法做了一定的研究，對地基承載力力設計方法做了對比分析，選擇極限分析法作為本文的推薦方法，並結合作者自身的工作經驗，提出了加筋土地基詳細和全面的設計步驟，然後用一個加筋土地基實際工程為例，採用本文推薦的設計方法和步驟進行設計，並通過現場試驗結果，證明該地基處理達到設計要求，也證明了推薦方法計算的準確性，這對廣大工程師在實際工程操作中有較高的參考價值。
  3. Article 1 these measures are formulated to push the market progress of the urban infrastructure construction and operation in this municipality, expand the financing channel, accelerate the construction of urban infrastructure, provide public products and services of high quality and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of investors, concessionaires and consumers

    第一條為了推進本市城市基礎設施建設運營市場化進程，擴大融資渠道，加快城市基礎設施建設，提供優質的公共產品和服務，維護投資者、特許經營者和消費者的合法權益，制定本辦法。
  4. Here the word " unlawful " is crucial to this definition because it indicates that not all interferences with another ' s enjoyment of land will be actionable ; it is applied in an ex post facto manner since the interference normally derives its unlawful nature from the fact that it is held to be a nuisance

    英國侵權法中的私人妨害是指不合法妨礙相鄰方使用或者享受其土地或與土地有關的權利及相關的其他利益，其不合法性是從被認定為妨害的事實中推導出來的。
  5. The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party

    本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。
  6. Sue to the court directly : agreement should be in duplicate, that ought to do not have your copartner autograph in your hand, but the another autograph on that agreement of company of illative and oriental meal is hind add ; you can be sued to the court, tell its break a contact, ask its are returned join in administration fee, bear responsibility of breach of contract and your loss

    直接向法院起訴：協議書應是一式兩份，你手中的那份應當沒有你合伙人的簽名，可推定東方餐飲公司的那份協議書上的另一簽名是后添加的；你可起訴至法院，訴其違約，要求其退還加盟治理費，並承擔違約責任和你的損失。
  7. The dock lockout dispute that happened between the pma ( pacific marine association ) and the ilwu ( international longshore workers union ) in september and october 2002 in the west coast of the u. s. is just a good case in point to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism in handling labor relations

    集體合同制度使得勞動者與用人單位在實際地位上獲得一定程度的平等，從而有效地維護勞動者的合法權益。 2002年9 - 10月發生在美國西海岸的「封港」事件已經充分證明了推行集體談判和集體合同制度的重大現實意義。
  8. With the progress of the absolute doctrine of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime to the comparative, the neoclassicism think, there are subjective elements in the constitution of crime, purpose means much to the criminality type of crime with purpose

    目的犯在我國刑法中的設立仍具有某些不盡規范和合理的地方，同時由於目的犯的內隱性為司法機關的舉證增加了一定的難度，應當採用司法推定的方法正確認定目的犯的目的，並對司法推定進行必要的規范。
  9. As for acquiring customers, the game between bank and credit card customer is firstly analyzed, and on the base of the analysis, we can conclude that customers are to obey theirs credit under the rule that customers credit records are shared among the banks. therefore the bank can enlarge its customer group by granting credit to them and the relationship between banks and customers can be established. at the same time, the structure of personal credit evaluation is proposed, the fuss synthesize evaluation method is applied in the case

    在分析客戶關系管理的基本思路應用於信用卡的具體模式時，在獲取客戶關系方面，文章首先分析了信用卡客戶與銀行的信用博弈關系，提出了在銀行業內部徵信的前提下，銀行應對客戶建立善意推定，相信客戶的信用能力，廣泛授信，建立信用卡客戶關系；同時提出了在徵信前提下，銀行信用卡的個人信用評估指標體系以及信用程度的模糊綜合評判法，並進行了算例分析。
  10. In it luke explained the amazing growth of christianity, perhaps to legitimise the church to civil authorities or to confirm the faith of believers

    路加詳細記載了教會令人驚奇的成長經歷，也許用意是推進教會的合法化或堅定信徒的信心。
  11. The paper focused on four factors : product, price, place and promotion. the strategy of improving the marketing mix by xpp company was brought up which included the products portfolio, additional products ; adoption of pricing scheme, promotion strategy, public relationship formulation, integrated expansion, club system for drivers

    論文圍繞營銷組合的四個要素：產品、價格、渠道和促銷，提出了改進xtp公司營銷組合策略的思路，即制定產品整體策略；採用市場撇脂定價法；整合推廣策略；發展公共關系。
  12. And then the mathematical modeling of uncertainty propagation is established in term of the data processing algorithms. next the algorithms of uncertainty propagation are deduced. at last the result of estimating uncertainty is computed by applying the estimating method in this paper and data of calibrating experiment based on “ ntn ” technology

    首先，研究各不確定度分量的標準不確定度計算方法;其次，建立不確定度經數據處理演算法傳遞的數學模型;再次，推導不確定度經數據處理傳遞的演算法;最後，應用本文研究的不確定度評定方法，結合「 ntn 」技術校準實驗的測量數據，計算出不確定度評定結果。
  13. The gpss have one output and two inputs which are speed error and its derivative. selecting triangular function as fuzzy variable ' s membership function, mamdani max - min synthetic method as fuzzy inference method and centroid method as denazification method, fuzzy control rules are given according to the control expectation of governor and the experience of operating staff

    這種模糊gpss採用二輸入單輸出結構，以機組轉速誤差及其導數為輸入量，以三角形函數作為模糊量的隸屬函數，根據水電機組穩定控制要求和操作人員的經驗制定控制規則，以mamdani的max - min合成法和重心法分別作為模糊推理方法和清晰化方法。
  14. If parties to a contract do not expressly or impliedly choose the applicable law, the proper law for the contract should be constructed through the rule of closest connection. this paper states the proper law for various kinds of contracts of carriage of goods by sea based on the rule of closest connection

    但上述所講的是通常情況下的法律選擇原則，如果從整體情況看，運輸合同與另一個國家的關系更為密切，則前面所確定的一般推定準據法不予適用，而應適用與合同有更密切聯系的國家的法律。
  15. In the part of analysis of advantages and disadvantages of presumption of knowledge, it analyses that presumption of knowledge favorably serves to distribute reasonably the responsibility of producing ? evidence, to realize impartiality and efficiency of procedural law and to satisfy the needs of reality and criminal policy. on the other hand, it provides theoretical preparation for prevention of risk by pointing out its disadvantages of the inaccuracy in the presumed results and the possibility of presuming negligence as knowledge

    「明知推定的利弊分析」部分，則分析了明知推定具有合理分配提供證據的責任，實現訴訟法之公正與效益價值，滿足現實需要與刑事政策需要等作用；同時也存在推定結果精確性有欠缺和疏忽大意過失可能被推定為明知等弊端，為防範風險提供理論準備。
  16. Finally, the author puts forward the countermeasures and the suggestions in the development of the animal husbandry in jiuquan oasis, which are to confirm the rational amount of domestic animal loaded ; to protect the meadow resource and to develop the high - quality artificial meadow energeti cally ; to implement the virtual water strategy in order to alleviate the ecological environment pressure in jiuquan oasis ; to advance the industrialization process of animal husbandry energetically ; to process and utilize crops by product in the agricultural district ; to strengthen the construction of shelter forest of qilian mountains ; to organize the seasonal production of the animal husbandry ; to popularize the fatten poultries technology in the other land ; to strengthen the rational planning of the production of the animal husbandry ; to increase fund input ; to accelerate the basic construction of the animal husbandry and to prevent and cure the grassland which mouse hurt

    採用層次分析法對酒泉綠洲畜牧業發展的重要影響因素做了判斷。最後從確定合理的載畜量，大力保護草地資源和發展優質人工草地，實施虛擬水戰略以緩解酒泉綠洲的生態環境壓力，大力推進畜牧業產業化進程，對農區農作物副產品的加工利用、加強祁連山防護林建設、組織畜牧業季節性生產，推廣推廣肉禽異地育肥技術、加強畜牧業生產的合理規劃、增加資金投入，加快畜牧業基礎設施的建設以及草原鼠害的防治等十個方面提出了酒泉綠洲畜牧業發展的具體對策建議，以期望能對酒泉市的社會經濟發展提供科學的決策依據。
  17. Moreover, this paper discusses the feasibility of option pricing theory by adopting cases. on the one hand, it admits this method plays a key role in the realization of " debt - in - lieu - of - equity " of state - owned enterprises and appraising the value of potential earning - capacity ; on the other hand, it illustrates the application of option pricing theory in appraisal is still immature. for it can not meet the prerequisite of the theory ; its result will not be generally accepted and the quality of appraisal staff are relatively lower, this method is not applicable to business valuation aiming at equity alteration. thus it should not be regarded as a brand - new appraisal method to be promot ed in the short run. in the finial the thesis forms its conclusion on method application of superseding cost method gradually. generalizing the use of income method and developing the sense of using option pricing method

    由於成本法所固有的局限性，無法評估出資產組配成具有獲利能力的整體資產的創造性價值，因此注重企業獲利能力的收益法已成為轉軌時期中國評估業的現實選擇，並進一步對收益法的起源、方法特點和適用性進行了深入的分析；運用理性分析與案例分析相結合的方法對收益法發展的新階段? ?期權定價法應用於企業價值評估的可行性進行了研究，肯定了這一方法對國企實現「債轉股」和評估高新技術企業潛在獲利能力價值的重大意義，同時對此方法應用於企業價值評估不滿足前提條件、評估結果的可接受性、及評估人員素質等方面說明了這一方法在資產評估領域的應用尚不成熟，尤其不適用於產權變動為目的的企業價值評估，因而短期內不宜作為一種全新的評估方法推廣。
  18. New developments in decision theory, artificial theory and dynamic analysis method are applied to evaluation the possible projects. the main contents in this paper are included as follows : first, has improved an format reasoning method based on multiple attribute utility model and knowledgebase theory ; second, has proposed complex utility model by improving the theory of multiple attribute utility ; third, has presented a kind of weapon intelligent decision support system, based on the complex utility model and developed with com / dcom criterion ; forth, this paper also has build the dynamic simulation model for long - rang multiple tube rocket launcher system, and the tire dynamic model has applied in the rocket launcher system dynamic simulation model ; fifth, through building the rocket - launcher contact model, this paper has analyzed the dynamic forces between the rocket and launcher ; finally, this paper has build the evaluation model of the project about improving existing rocket launcher to the launcher that using canister, and get the conclusion through using the widss. the studies in this paper not only proposed scientific warrant to the choice of projects in this pre - studied national defense task about improving existing rocket launcher to the launcher that using canister, but also can give other studied tasks with decision supported

    主要內容包括：在總結決策分析與專家系統規則庫技術的基礎上，提出了融決策分析與專家系統規則庫技術於一體的形式化推理機制，該機制能有效的將定量計算和定性知識融為一體，將規范的決策分析解題過程與專家系統特有的演化推理方法有機結合起來；在多屬性效用理論的基礎上，建立了一般形式的復式效用模型，並實用化了全相關乘式效用模型，提供了較完善的通用建模、分析和解釋功能：引入了com dcom組件技術，開發了基於組件的widss系統，該系統基於形式化推理機制，易於擴展，能夠面向多種決策問題，具有較強的通用性；建立了遠程多管火箭炮全炮動力學模擬模型，將充氣輪胎動力學模型、輪胎和路面的相互作用模型運用於多管火箭炮動力學模擬計算中；利用碰撞接觸理論，對火箭彈在定向器管內的運動受力情況進行了模擬計算；建立了遠程多管火箭炮箱式發射改進方案模型，並利用動力學模擬計算結果在widss系統中進行了方案性能評估。
  19. A general stack equation of mobile robot based on analyzing the motion of planar motion object and the mathematical models of four different kinds of common wheels is developed, accordingly, the mobility of mobile robot is addressed and the forward and inverse solutions to speed for specific configuration driven by differential speed are derived. utilizing the muir and newman convention, the description of the posture transformation matrices between different coordinate frames and the solution for the speed of point located on these frames are introduced. according to posture estimation, a more accurate method, dead reckoning algorithm, is developed for a specified configuration characterized by differential speed motorization, and simulations of this algorithm and other traditional methods are carried out using matlab while traversing a circular path

    本文對兩輪差速驅動移動機器人的運動學及其本體緩沖設計進行了探討，在對平面運動物體運動分析的基礎上結合四種常用車輪的數學模型，推導出了一個通用的移動機器人堆積方程，在此基礎上分析了移動機器人的移動能力、並針對兩輪差速構型推導了速度正解與逆解；使用muir和newman的運動學建模方法，推導了移動機器人上點及連桿坐標系位姿、速度變換關系矩陣及求解方法；在移動機器人位姿識別方法中結合差速驅動構型對航位推演算法進行了分析：推導了一種理論精度較高的航位推算演算法，並使用matlab對其與傳統的推算演算法在跟蹤圓弧軌跡情況下進行了模擬；最後針對本文所研究的機器人給出了一種比較系統、可靠的緩沖結構設計思路，較好地解決了移動機器人作業過程中外界因素及本身設計中引入的各種不確定誤差問題；本論文研究成果已在本實驗室所開發的樣機上得到實現，經過應用與考核證明其中的分析與設計是切實可行的。
  20. Therefore, changes in compositions and levels of several biochemical substances, including cuticular hydrocarbon, pteridine, protein and uric acid during growth and development of some common species of necrophagous flies were measured and analyzed, and then the potential of using change patterns in those biochemical substances as age indicators in necrophagous flies was discussed

    為此，本文特對不同種屍食性蠅類生長發育過程中表皮碳氫化合物、蝶啶、血淋巴可溶性蛋白和尿酸等的變化規律進行了較系統的測定分析，進而分析了這些變化規律用於幼蟲、蛹或成蟲日齡推斷的可行性及推斷方法。
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