法律至上原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜzhìshàngyuánzé]
法律至上原則 英文
doctrine of superemacy of law
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 至 : Ⅰ介詞（到） to; till; until Ⅱ副詞（極; 最） extremely; most; utmost
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 至上 : supreme; the highest
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. The chapter two looks back the related all kinds of theories and law regulations from the beginning of appearance of forged endorsement with the result of two bill law systems coming into being, and it discusses general principle and exceptive regulations in handling forged endorsement, at the same time it also attaches importance on the conciliation of rules such as international note and bill pact of the united nation

    第二章回望了自偽造背書現象出現至今，有關的各種理論學說及法律規制；世界各國在處理該問題上由統一到分歧，直至兩大票據法體制的最終形成歷程；以及兩大體制在處理偽造背書上各自的一般原則和例外規定；最後介紹《聯合國國際匯票、國際本票公約》對兩者的調和等。
  3. By now, the tax - revenue equality principle and taxation fairness doctrine based on " contract spirit and equality principle " require the position of all the subjects of taxation - law system - the country, tax bureau and taxpayer, are equal of law too, thus the article make a tentative study of the equal value which conceiving in taxation law system

    推至現代，建立在「契約精神和平等原則」基礎上的稅收平等原則和稅收公平主義則要求稅收法律關系的全部主體一一國家、征稅機關和納稅主體，考察其彼此之間的平等和公平關系。基於此，本文對稅收法律關系中所蘊涵的平等價值作了初步探討。
  4. About the principle of the law ' s supremacy

    略論法律至上原則
  5. Social construction and cultural background of doctrine of supremacy of law

    法律至上原則產生的社會結構與文化背景
  6. It is these aspects that guarantee the principle of the highest authority of law can realize in the judicial practice

    正是這幾個方面保證了法律至上原則在司法實踐中得以實現。
  7. The principle of the highest authority of law of the common law displays in the judicial practice for following several main aspects : the judicial preview, the concept of higher law, the authority of the judges and the high - level legal method

    摘要普通法法律至上原則在司法實踐中表現為以下幾個主要的方面：司法審查， 「高級法」觀念，法官的權威和適當的法律方法。
  8. Although china ' s traditional law culture has its own values and advantages, it is conflicting with modern legal regulation in the basic ideas and orientations. this conflict is mainly manifest in four aspects : first, it is the conflict between law principles of universal equality and that of specific privilege belonging to feudal society ; second, it refer to the conflict between principle of supreme law and tradition of supreme power ; the third conflict is that of concepts between just procedures and empty procedures ; the fourth one refers to the conflict between principles of legal regulation to guarantee rights and legal orientation of instrumental awareness

    雖然中國傳統法文化也自有它的價值和可取之處，但是從基本理念和價值取向上，其與現代法治是沖突的，這種沖突主要表現在四個方面：法律普遍性平等性原則與「禮治」等級特殊性原則的沖突；法律至上原則與權力至上傳統的沖突；程序正義觀念與程序虛無觀念的沖突；保障權利的法治原則與工具意識的法律取向的沖突。
  9. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  10. On base of studying domestic and foreign theories and methods for evaluations of st achievements, this thesis analyze 10 methods for evaluations of st achievements, such as application frequency statistics, delphi, literature research and application relevance analysis, etc. by studying and analyzing the work of technology planning bureau, transport ministry between 1991 and 2000, and the evaluation items for the achievement identification, acceptance and check - up which were taken by transportation technology department, the author come up with some methods, which are scientific, standard and quantified, for evaluating transportation st, that is, in accordance with the transportation st achievement management and achievement precise database within eighth five and ninth five, and with the statistic analysis such as research contents, professional classification, intensity input, achievement characteristics, field distribution, characteristics of department undertaken, st talents characteristics, award inf ormation, characteristics and regularity of transportation st achievements, problems that are still existed and countermeasure are forwarded ; according to the requirement of evaluations system of the transportation st achievement, the principle and methods for the system designation are given, and the constitution of the system are provided ; in order to improving the scientific organization and management of our national transportation st achievements, many subjects are under discussion, including institution for evaluation of st achievement, valuation organization, standard for evaluation technology, database for consulting transportation experts and how to simplify the procedure of transportation st achievement, etc.

    本論文在對國內外科技成果評價理論、方法廣泛調查基礎上，研究分析了諸如應用頻次統計法、德爾菲（ delphi ）法、文獻調研法、應用相關分析法等10種科技成果評價的方法，通過對1991至2000年交通部科技計劃所實施情況，由交通科技主管部門組織進行了成果鑒定、驗收和評審等成果評價的項目的分析，提出了本人對交通行業對科技成果進行科學、規范和定量地評價的方法，即：在建立「八五」 、 「九五」交通科技成果管理及成果簡要數據庫的基礎上，通過對研究內容、專業分類、投入強度、成果屬性、地域分佈、承擔單位屬性、科研人員屬性和獲獎情況等諸多方面進行統計分析，研究了交通科技成果的特點和規律，提出了存在的問題和對策；從建立交通科技成果評價指標體系的要求上，具體提出了交通科技成果評價指標體系設計原則與方法探討了交通行業科技成果評價指標體系的構成及權重確立等問題；從加強我國交通行業科技成果評價的科學化組織與管理出發，探討了如何建立科技成果評價制度、評價機構、統一的評價技術標準和交通行業專家咨詢數據庫以及如何簡化交通科技成果評審形式等問題。
  11. To resolve the conflicts of laws certain rules are developed, among which, the rule of party autonomy, the rule of closest connection are commonly used. the jurisdiction clause and arbitration clause in bill of lading also have great impact on the proper law of the bill of lading

    在解決國際海上貨物運輸合同法律沖突的實踐中，沖突規范發展至今並得到普遍適用的原則有當事人意思自治原則、最密切聯系原則等，並且合同管轄權條款和仲裁條款對合同準據法的確定也具有重要作用。
  12. This feature reflects the physical phenomenon of breaking of waves and development of shock waves. in the fields of fulid dynamics, ( 0. 2. 1 ) is an approximation of small visvosity phenomenon. if viscosity ( or the diffusion term, two derivatives ) are added to ( 0. 2. 1 ), it can be researched in the classical way which say that the solutions become very smooth immediately even for coarse inital data because of the diffusion of viscosity. a natural idea ( method of regularity ) is obtained as follows : solutions of the viscous convection - diffusion pr oblem approachs to the solutions of ( 0. 2. 1 ) when the viscosity goes to zeros. another method is numerical method such as difference methods, finite element method, spectrum method or finite volume method etc. numerical solutions which is constructed from the numerical scheme approximate to the solutions of the hyperbolic con - ervation laws ( 0. 2. 1 ) as the discretation parameter goes to zero. the aim of these two methods is to construct approximate solutions and then to conside the stability of approximate so - lutions ( i, e. the upper bound of approximate solutions in the suitable norms, especally for that independent of the approximate parameters ). using the compactness framework ( such as bv compactness, l1 compactness and compensated compactness etc ) and the fact that the truncation is small, the approximate function consquence approch to a function which is exactly the solutions of ( 0. 2. 1 ) in some sense of definiton

    當考慮粘性后，即在數學上反映為（ 0 . 1 . 1 ）中多了擴散項（二階導數項） ，即使很粗糙的初始數據，解在瞬間內變的很光滑，這由於流體的粘性擴散引起，這種對流-擴散問題可用古典的微分方程來研究。自然的想法就是當粘性趨于零時，帶粘性的對流-擴散問題的解在某意義下趨于無粘性問題（ 0 . 1 . 1 ）的解，這就是正則化方法。另一辦法從離散（數值）角度上研究僅有對流項的守恆律（ 0 . 1 . 1 ） ，如構造它的差分格式，甚至更一般的有限體積格式，有限元及譜方法等，從這些格式構造近似解（常表現為分片多項式）來逼近原守恆律的解。
  13. The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under the bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread

    法律，按其堂皇的平等原則，既禁止富人，也禁止窮人在橋底下睡覺、在街上行乞、甚至偷竊麵包。
  14. Rule of law theory at present times includes the basic thoughts of law superiority, power limitation, power guaranteeing and judicatory independence, emphasizes the authority of law hi realizing social management and national management and asks to deal with various national businesses according to law principles in make it basic principles of the national politics, economy and social life

    摘要現代意義上的法治包含著法律至上、權力制約、權利保障和司法獨立等基本理念，強調法律在實現社會治理和國家管理中的權威性，要求依據法律原則處理國家的各項事業，使法律成為國家政治、經濟和社會生活的基本準則。
  15. For this purpose, this article is titled as an economic analysis of law on the corporate behavior and interest of shareholders under the dualistic ownership structure, using the economic analysis of law method ( with posner as the representative economist ) as the basic analytic and argumentation method, with the actually existent dualistic ownership structure on china ’ s securities markets as the precondition for this research, with the target of legal regulation - shareholder interests and corporate behavior as the focus of this research, hereafter comes the structure of this paper as following : by using the perspective, theorems and tools of economic analysis of law to analyze the lexononic quality of the dualistic ownership structure which is unique in china and the reasons for the setup of this special kind of ownership structure, disclose the disequilibrium of shareholder interests in the listed companies and the dissimilation characteristics of the behavior of the listed companies under the dualistic ownership structure. then this paper conducts research on the actual regulation efficiency of the company law, the securities law and other relevant laws and

    據此，本文以「二元股權結構下公司行為與股東利益的法律經濟分析」為題，即以波斯納為代表的「法律經濟分析」作為本文分析、論證的基本方法，以中國證券市場現實存在的「二元股權結構」作為本文研究的前提條件，以上市公司相關法律調整的對象? ? 「公司行為」及「股東利益」作為本文研究的標的，由此形成本文論述的主要思路:通過和利用法律經濟學的視角、原理和工具，分析中國特有的二元股權結構的法律經濟屬性，以及該特殊股權設置規則形成的原因，揭示二元股權結構下上市公司股東利益的失衡現象及上市公司行為的異化特徵，並在此基礎上研究二元股權結構下公司法、證券法及其他相關法律法規調整的現實效率，以及實現我國上市公司公司行為及股東利益的法律調整體系的相對效率乃至理想的絕對效率的改革途徑。
  16. Then we get the conclusion that the characteristics of the norm of constitution are fundamentality, supremeness, political nature, universality, principled nature and generalization, special nature of sanction, adaptability and stability. as the same time, we point out that the norm of constitution is different from constitutional article

    指出憲法規范作為一種特殊的法律規范，具有一般法律規范的所有屬性，也存在其他的差異；歸納出憲法規范的特性是根本性、至上性、政治性、廣泛性、原則性和概括性、特殊的制裁性、適應性和穩定性。
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