違約者 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wéiyāozhě]
違約者
英文
defaulter-
Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases
第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。The writer recognizes that as well to should include the concordat the occasion, quanta that establish him also infringement not default the square ' s proper avail, non obstinate this fraction the avail and does not occupy the point, and deny their entity but the non possums, for example the corporeal have the minor faults, treaty about body breach of warranty the etc. ultimately is a treaty about the negligence responsibility is an infringement reliance avail, the writer recognize and should include the modern law of contract of proper avail, quanta to have the infringement
最後就是締約過失責任是只侵犯了信賴利益嗎，筆者認為應該包括固有利益，因為現代契約法有侵權法向合同法轉移的情況，其根源就是侵犯的包括固有利益。再次是關于預期違約責任的一些問題，預期違約來源於英美法系，對于預期違約的概念國內有三種，筆者認為它的定義是在合同締結之後至合同履行期到來之前產生的履約危險加以救濟的法律制度。This article is main the range, treaty about of the concordat responsibility negligence responsibility, see to default the responsibility with the returning of concordat the principle make some to study, quanta these subjects all have some arguments, text with a view to pass the search in the academic world and everybody among them of concerning subject company ' s
這篇文章主要就合同責任的范圍，締約過失責任，預期違約責任和合同的歸責原則作一些探討，因為這些問題在學術界都有一些爭論，本文擬通過研究與大家就其中的有關問題商榷一番。首先是合同責任的范圍，很多學者認為是僅僅指違約責任。For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion
對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。Defenders of basel 2 point out that the agencies are under the cosh now, but that their record in assessing the risk of default is pretty good
巴塞爾協議2的捍衛者指出評級公司遭受批評，但是它們的評價違約風險的紀錄是非常好的。It can charge additional money ( penalty and compounded interest ) in case of defaulters
對違約者銀行可以追加繳款（罰款及復利） 。The promoter of the concert sued dame kiri in the new southwalessupreme court, claiming a $ 2 million ( us $ 1. 6 million ) indamages forbreaching her contract
音樂會的組織者隨后將卡納娃告上法庭，要求她為自己的違約行為支付200萬澳元（約合160萬美元）的賠款。The promoter of the concert sued dame kiri in the new south wales supreme court, claiming a 2 million us 1. 6 million in damages for breaching her contract
音樂會的組織者隨后將卡納娃告上法庭，要求她為自己的違約行為支付200萬澳元約合160萬美元的賠款。However, the law ' s contents about anticipatory breach of contract is not rich enough : law provisions appearrelaxing and out of order and law terms do not mean the same
一、不安抗辯權與明示預期違約的比較兩者的適用條件、行使依據、權屬性質均不同，兩者的差異比較明顯。Moreover, our laws provide more, strict pledge requirements on foreign investment enterprises. part five states the rights and the obligations of the pledger and the pawnee in share right pledge. part six clarifies the validity scope of the share right pledge, focusing on the validity to the secured creditors " right and the subject matter
第六部躺明股踉押具腕括的幾怕面的效力，著重論述了股權質押對所邯債權范圍的效力及販物的效力，前者主要包括主債權、利息、違約金、損害賄鈾實獅權的費用，後者一鵬括質物、革息及代位物。Basis " orders of sell of access of land of shenzhen special economic zone " the seventeenth regulation, contract of sell one ' s own things should have the following and main provision : ( one ) the full name of bilateral party or name, address ; ( 2 ) a ground date of access of land of sell one ' s own things, area ; ( 3 ) land is used year period reach case stop time ; ( 4 ) the amount of gold of land access sell one ' s own things, money is planted, pay kind and time ; ( 5 ) the time of consign land ; ( 6 ) point of program, municipal design ; ( 7 ) project complete is referred check and accept time ; ( 8 ) municipal facilities form a complete set builds obligation ; ( 9 ) land of use photograph adjacent and viatic limitation ; ( 10 ) the project that builds accessary, add establishment and obligation ; ( 11 ) responsibility of breach of contract ; ( 12 ) party thinks necessary other item
根據《深圳經濟特區土地使用權出讓條例》第十七條的規定，出讓合同應具備以下主要條款： （一）雙方當事人的姓名或者名稱、地址； （二）出讓土地使用權的宗地號、面積； （三）土地使用年期及起止時間； （四）土地使用權出讓金的數額、幣種、交付方式及時間； （五）交付土地的時間； （六）規劃、市政設計要點； （七）項目竣工提交驗收時間； （八）市政設施配套建設義務； （九）使用相鄰土地和道路的限制； （十）建設附屬、附加設施的項目及義務； （十一）違約責任； （十二）當事人認為必要的其他條款。Where a party ' s breach harmed the personal or property interests of the other party, the aggrieved party is entitled to elect to hold the party liable for breach of contract in accordance herewith, or hold the party liable for tort in accordance with any other relevant law
第一百二十二條因當事人一方的違約行為，侵害對方人身、財產權益的，受損害方有權選擇依照本法要求其承擔違約責任或者依照其他法律要求其承擔侵權責任。Where the liabilities for breach were not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with article 61 hereof, the aggrieved party may, by reasonable election in light of the nature of the subject matter and the degree of loss, require the other party to assume liabilities for breach by way of repair, replacement, remaking, acceptance of returned goods, or reduction in price or remuneration, etc
對違約責任沒有約定或者約定不明確，依照本法第六十一條的規定仍不能確定的，受損害方根據標的的性質以及損失的大小，可以合理選擇要求對方承擔修理、更換、重作、退貨、減少價款或者報酬等違約責任。According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "
我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。Article 29 if, due to the fault of one party, an economic contract cannot be performed or cannot be fully performed, the party at fault shall be liable for breach of the contract ; if both parties are at fault, in accordance with the actual conditions, each party shall be commensurately liable for breach of the contract that is due to its fault
第二十九條由於當事人一方的過錯，造成經濟合同不能履行或者不能完全履行或者不能完全履行，由有過錯的一方承擔違約責任；如屬雙方的過錯，根據實際情況，由雙方分別承擔各自應負的違約責任。Part three, the core of the dissertation, analyses the cooling - off period policy whose nucleus is to authorize the consumer to cancel the contract after its being signed without bearing any liabilities in a certainty of time named cooling - off period
文章認為， 「冷卻期」制度是消費信用合同中的一項特有的制度，其核心內容是在一定的時間內即在「冷卻期」內消費者可以解除合同而無須負違約責任。Whether writing a demand letter to a contract breacher, an advice letter to a client, or a cover letter to a court clerk, the letter fails if the person receiving it cannot understand what it says
其實，不管是給違約者的正式請求書、給客戶的意見書，還是給法院書記員的說明書，只要收信人不能理解其說了些什麼，那這樣的律師函是不合格的。Based on this, some widely established rules including the rule of total compensation, the rule of foreseeability, the rule of mitigation, the rule of counterbalance between loss and profit, and the rule of compensatio culpae are discussed in details
在此基礎上，筆者從比較法角度系統闡述了各國確定違約損害賠償范圍的諸規則（主要包括完全賠償規則、可預見規則、過失相抵及損益相抵規則、減輕損失規則）的內涵、理論發展及相關問題。This dissertation, through discussing respectively and researching by comparative method as to the compensation for damages for breach of a contract and for the infringement arising from road traffic accident which is related to serve contract, raises that, there exist mutual part and difference in the scope of damages, the principle of the fixation of liability, the proof of evidence, the rule of the counteraction between faults, the undertaking of the third party for the fault liability, the dealing of the free - rider with good - faith, as to the contract law and tort law in china
筆者在論文中，通過對具有服務合同關系的道路交通事故的違約損害賠償、侵權損害賠償的分別闡述和比較研究，說明了我國合同法和侵權行為法這兩種法律規范在賠償范圍、歸責原則、舉證責任、過失相抵規則適用、第三人過錯責任承擔、好意同乘者的處理等方面，既有相同之處，也存在諸多差異。Personal credit institution results in lowering the transaction cost of consumer credit, and provides the commercial banks for developing consumer credit with the institution condition for assessing the borrowers, exerting credit monitor and controlling the risk of the consumer credit through the sharing mechanism of the personal credit information and the punishing mechanism of it to the defaulter
個人信用制度的作用在於降低消費信貸交易成本，並通過個人信用信息共享機制和對違約者的懲戒機制，為商業銀行發展消費信貸提供評估借款人、實施信貸監管和控制消費信貸風險的制度基礎。分享友人