重大違約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhòngdàwéiyāo]
重大違約 英文
fundamental breach
  • 重 : 重Ⅰ名詞（重量; 分量） weight Ⅱ動詞（重視） lay [place put] stress on; place value upon; attach im...
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 重大 : great; weighty; major; significant; important; grave; serious
  • 違約 : 1 （違反條約、契約） break a contract; violate a treaty 2 （失約） break one s promise; break off...
  1. 4 incurrence by the company of a major debt or default on an overdue major debt

    四公司發生重大債務和未能清償到期重大債務的違約情況
  2. The now law, which is put into use on 1st, oct. 1999, adopted to the framework of the mainland law system, at the same time, it referred to the advanced contract liability regime within the two law systems and " united nation convention on contracts for the international sale of goods ", esp. the liability for wrongs in conclusion of contract, anticipatory breach liability and post - contract liability has a significant meaning in improving the liability ' system of our country

    一九九九年十月一日正式實施的《中華人民共和國合同法》 （以下簡稱《合同法》 ） ，在繼受大陸法基本框架的同時，又借鑒和吸收了兩大法系及《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》中的一些先進的合同責任制度，尤其是締約過失責任、預期違約責任和后契約責任的納入，既是對我國合同責任制度的創新，同時對於我國合同責任體系的完善更具有重要的意義。
  3. Where the liabilities for breach were not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with article 61 hereof, the aggrieved party may, by reasonable election in light of the nature of the subject matter and the degree of loss, require the other party to assume liabilities for breach by way of repair, replacement, remaking, acceptance of returned goods, or reduction in price or remuneration, etc

    對違約責任沒有約定或者約定不明確，依照本法第六十一條的規定仍不能確定的，受損害方根據標的的性質以及損失的大小，可以合理選擇要求對方承擔修理、更換、重作、退貨、減少價款或者報酬等違約責任。
  4. From all the legislation systems and precedent we can see that pure wrong is not the main cause of discharging contract and the severity of result caused by civil wrong is the basic reason, while the severity of result is based on whether the purpose of contract can be reached or not

    總結合同解除事由的所有立法例及判例可知，單純的過錯並非合同解除的主要根據，以過錯作判斷因素之一的違約後果具有嚴重性才是合同解除的根本原因，而判斷違約後果是否嚴重，各國大都以合同訂立的主要目的能否實現為依據。
  5. The author points out that right to defense of advance or follow - up performance should fall under into the category of the conventional right to defense of simultaneous performance ; there is no tenable reason for its self - existent. in order to apply the right to defense of uncertain performance to all kinds of bilateral contracts, and to impartially distribute the right in the interested parties of a contract, the system of anticipatory breach of contract should be abolished and the system of right to defense of be perfected because they overlap and conflict with each other.

    作者認為：后履行抗辯權沒有充分的獨立性理由，應當歸入傳統的同時履行抗辯權范疇之內；我國的預期違約制度和不安抗辯權制度是相互重疊和沖突的，應當廢除預期違約制度；完善不安抗辯權制度，使其適用於各種類型的雙務合同，並應將此項權利平等地賦予合同雙方當事人；為解決合同當事人期前明示毀約的問題，應當按大陸法傳統，設立預期拒絕履行制度。
  6. American uniform commercial code and restatement of contracts turned those preceding case principles into legal provisions and further enriched related contents. the reason why the system of anticipatory breach comes into being and develops is mainly due to its priorities as follows : a

    美國《統一商法典》進一步肯定了上述判例規則，明確規定受害方在對方明示預期違約致合同發生重大損害時的各項救濟權，並對明示預期違約表示的撤回作出有關限制。
  7. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  8. Concern the judicatory explanation of commodity house business according to the supreme court, generally speaking, development business does not suffer commodity house to sell advertisement and the tie that publicize data content, and final both sides signs " open to booking a contract " in also do not contain relevant content certainly ; but if develop business, the building of limits and the specification that establishment place makes related its are mixed promising is specific and affirmatory, and conclude to what commodity house opens to booking a contract and house price has major effect surely really, so no matter the concerned specification on building book or promise whether to write " open to booking a contract ", all ought to regard a contract as content, once develop business to have, did not fulfill the circumstance that reach the designated position, ought to undertake responsibility of breach of contract

    根據最高法院有關商品房買賣的司法解釋，一般來說，開發商並不受商品房銷售廣告和宣傳資料內容的約束，而且最終雙方簽訂的《預售合同》中也不一定包含相關內容；但是假如開發商就開發范圍的房屋及其相關設施所作的說明和允諾是具體確定的，且對商品房預售合同的訂立以及房屋價格的確定有重大影響的，那麼不論樓書上的有關說明或允諾是否寫入《預售合同》 ，均應當視為合同內容，一旦開發商有未履行到位的情況，就應當承擔違約責任。
  9. Since china acceded to cites in 1981, china has made great achievements in the implementation of cites. however, china also exsists the following problems : the participation in the cites affairs is not enough ; the domestic laws do not fully meet the requirements for the implementation of cites ; the management and enforcement measures are not very powerful ; and the monitoring on wildlife resources and trade are not sufficient. those problems may threaten the global wildlife resources, weaken the cites effectiveness and undermine the impression of china in the international conservation community

    中國自1981年正式執行cites以來，在履行cites方面取得了很大成就，但也存在參與cites事務不夠深入、履約國內立法不健全、管理措施不到位、打擊違約活動力度不夠、資源監測和貿易調查工作不力等諸多問題，這些問題嚴重影響到全球野生動植物的資源保護以及中國的履約成效和在國際上的形象。
  10. Still cannot decide, get damages what root occupies mark property and losing bulk, the other side of demand of ok and logical choice is assumed repair, change, re - act, return money, reduce cost or the responsibility of breach of contract such as pay

    仍不能確定的，受損害方根據標的的性質以及損失的大小，可以合理選擇要求對方承擔修理、更換、重作、退貨、減少價款或者報酬等違約責任。
  11. If any of the above representations and warranties of distributor are not accurate in all material respects on the date hereof [ or the effective date ], then distributor shall be in material breach of this contract

    如果在本合同簽訂日或生效日經銷商的上述陳述及擔保的任何一項與實際情況有實質性不符，則構成經銷商重大違約。
  12. This article sings out some significant problems in theories and practice to compare and expound, which are doctrine of liability imputation, the breach of contract body and ways of undertaking liabilities

    本文選取違約責任制度中若干在理論和實踐上有重大意義的問題，分別從違約責任歸責原則、違約責任體系、違約責任承擔方式等方面，逐一進行了比較研究。
  13. The system has great effect upon the continental law

    預期違約制度對大陸法也有重大影響。
  14. This is gravely immoral and in open contradiction to the principle, recognized also in the united nations convention on the rights of the child, that the best interests of the child, as the weaker and more vulnerable party, are to be the paramount consideration in every case

    這是極嚴重的不道德行為，公然違反了聯合國兒童權利公約所認同的原則，兒童既是脆弱和容易受損的一群，應常以他們的最大福利作最重大的考慮。
  15. Results of the analysis on the model of the effect of the " contract breaching " actions indicate that the strengthening of the penalty against the " contract breaching " transaction actions, enhancement of the possibility for revealing and effecting the penalty of the " contract breaching " actions, reduction of the probability for the trader to choose the " contract breaching " actions to earn, and the higher credit reconstruction cost may exert an inhibition effect on the " contract breaching " actions in the credit transaction

    摘要對「違約」行為效用模型分析的結果表明：加大對「違約」交易行為的懲罰力度、提高發現以及對「違約」行為實施懲罰的可能性、降低交易者選擇「違約」行為收益的概率、較大的信用重構成本，可以對信用交易中的「違約」行為產生抑制作用。
  16. In the light of the above, this thesis propose risk pricing model, conforming to the general trend of the marketization of interest rate and the full open to foreign banks and design identify ways of the three elements of risk pricing models. the there elements is risk - free interest rate, pd and rr

    鑒于以上情況，本文順應利率市場化以及即將對外資銀行全面開放的大趨勢，提出風險定價模型，並著重根據我國的實際情況，設計風險定價模型的三要素? ?無風險利率、違約率以及回收率的確定方法。
  17. The punitive compensation system is take the traditional compensatory damage compensate as the foundation, in compensates under the premise which the victim loses, it has punishes party causing an injury ' s mistake behavior and the deterrent illegal man multiple function. current our country is occupying the social reforming time, because the law, the laws and regulations are not perfect, has had many illegal violations behaviors. but traditional civil law damage compensate, because it does not have the punitive compensation system

    本文認為，適當地加大懲罰性賠償的適用范圍，使之適用於侵權責任、違約責任和產品責任等領域，並以侵權行為人或違約方的「故意」或「重大過失」作為適用之基本條件，全面保護受損害方的合法權益;充分發揮懲罰性賠償的懲罰、威懾等功能，減少違法行為的發生，促進社會主義市場經濟的健康有序運行。
  18. This article is divided into four chapters and the briefs are as follows : chapter i : study of remedy for default system firstly, this chapter states various explanations of the concept of breach of promise and its different form in different legal system and different countries. besides, this article observes the origin, character and establishment necessity of prospective breach of promise, but also the structure of full breach of promise and the important affection by using various remedies. secondly, this chapter compares different remedies especially the main remedies of the two big legal system ( e. g. : actual performance, dissolution of contract, penalty )

    本章首先闡述了有關違約概念的不同闡釋以及違約表現形態在不同法系、不同國家的區別，並就預期違約的起源、特徵以及其確立必要性，根本違約的構成及其對如何補救的重要影響進行了考察；其次，針對不同違約補救方法特別是兩大法系對幾種主要補救方法（如實際履行、解除合同、違約金）的不同評價予以比較；最後，著重闡明了進行違約補救的共同原則及四種主要補救方法的各自特點。
  19. Where the employee has committed gross breach of the labor contract or work rules

    四違反勞動契約或工作規則，情節重大者。
  20. The carrier may exercise the lien on goods by the manner of applying for seizure of the goods. but the law of special proceeding of maritime action stipulates that the subject matter of seizure should belong to the defendant, the provision restricts the manner of exercising the right of lien, so we can draw a conclusion that the provision is not reasonable. alteration and assignment of contracts the contract of carriage of goods by sea usually involves the benefits of a third party

    四、合同的變更與轉讓問題，本文對絕大多數情況下均會涉及到第三人利益的運輸合同的變更和轉讓，結合海上貨物運輸合同的實踐作法分析了《合同法》有關規定對其的影響，五、不合理繞航問題， 《合同法》第九十四條第四項實質上是將根本違約作為合同解除事由加以規定，並以違約行為及其嚴重性作為判斷標準。
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