責任分散 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [rènfēnsǎn]
責任分散 英文
diffusion of responsibility
  • : Ⅰ名詞(責任) duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 (要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準) demand; ask for; req...
  • : 任名詞(姓氏) a surname
  • : 分Ⅰ名詞1. (成分) component 2. (職責和權利的限度) what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] (料想) judge
  • : 散動詞1. (由聚集而分離) break up; disperse 2. (散布) distribute; disseminate; give out 3. (排除) dispel; let out
  • 責任 : 1. (應做的事) duty; responsibility 2. (應承擔的過失) responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  1. In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

    本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈,由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里,如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此,正文別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的析,這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先,統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業類指數?紡織服裝指數( ti )每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標,利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證析,從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯,且可知沖擊程度和時滯度,進而析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著,從博弈論的角度具體析一家紡織品出口公司( beauty )的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險,該篇從博弈擴展圖入手,析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益配,研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈,然後具體論述了國家和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來風險的目的,投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手,在一些特定條件的限制下,給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。
  2. This pape expounds the enlightment of catfish effect, responsibility dispersion effect, hawthorne effect, south wind effect, analysis the problem existed in librarys, and advises the corresponding measures

    摘要本文在闡述了鯰魚效應、責任分散效應、霍桑效應、南風效應這幾個心理效應給予我們的有益啟示的基礎上,析了圖書館存在的問題,並提出了相應的對策。
  3. Legal entity has one of following state, outside assuming responsibility except legal person, can give disciplinary sanction, fine to the legal representative, make crime, investigate criminal duty lawfully : 1, the scope of operations that exceeds approve of the mechanism that register to register is engaged in be being managed illegally ; 2, conceal true condition, practise fraud to the mechanism that register, tax authority ; 3, smoke escape capital, hide belongings to dodge the creditor ; 4, disband, be cancelled, by suspend payment hind, do sth without authorization handles property ; 5, change, when stopping, not seasonable application is dealt with register and announcement, make interests person suffers great losing ; 6, be engaged in legal illicit other activity, harm national interest or the society is communal of the interest

    企業法人有下列情形之一的,除法人承擔外,對法定代表人可以給予行政處、罰款,構成犯罪的,依法追究刑事: 1 、超出登記機關核準登記的經營范圍從事非法經營的; 2 、向登記機關、稅務機關隱瞞真實情況、弄虛作假的; 3 、抽逃資金、隱匿財產逃避債務的; 4 、解、被撤消、被宣告破產后,擅自處理財產的; 5 、變更、終止時不及時申請辦理登記和公告,使利害關系人遭受重大損失的; 6 、從事法律禁止的其他活動,損害國家利益或者社會公共利益的。
  4. Points out that the liability of danger is not the sanction to violations of law. the basic idea of the liability of danger lies in " the reasonable distribution of unlucky damages ". the main reasons are : ( 1 ) the doctrine of origin of danger, i. e. the owner or holder of enterprise, instrument, < | > r article assume the liability because they create the danger ; ( 2 ) doctrine of control of danger, i. e. the enterprise assumes the liability for it ? controls the danger in certain extent ; ( 3 ) doctrine of " enjoying benefit, assuming liability ", i. e. the owner or holder of enterprise, instrument, or article assume the liability because they enjoy the benefit ; ( 4 ) doctrine of allocation of losses, i. e. the damages occurred from the liability of danger should be dissipated through the price mechanism of commodity service and insurance system

    Esser )在其名著《危險之基礎與發展》 ( 1941年)一書中指出,危險不是對不法行為的制裁,危險的根本思想在於「不幸損害的合理配」 ,主要根據在於: ( 1 )危險來源說,即因為企業、物品或裝置的所有人或持有人製造了危險來源,因而應承擔; ( 2 )危險控制說,即企業在某種程度能控制這些危險,因此應負; ( 3 )享受利益負擔危險說,即企業、物品或裝置的所有人或持有人從其企業、裝置或物品中獲得利益,故理所當然應當負擔風險; ( 4 )損失攤說,因危險而生的損害賠償,得經由商品服務的價格機能和保險制度予以
  5. The chapter is consisted of two sections. section one detailed analyzes the demand factors in demestic reinsurance market which includes the company capital capacity, reinsurance capital centralization degree, market decentralization and centralization degree, direct business scale and self - insurance degree,

    其中對影響我國再保險需求的因素進行了詳細的析,筆者對保險公司的資本實力、保險資本集中度、市場以及集中程度、直接業務規模和自保規模、國家對巨災的保障程度、險的發展程度幾個因素進行了重點析。
  6. The content of this course are as followings : the concept of the commercial law, features of commercial law, basic principles of commercial, the players in commercial field, behaviors, registration system, trade name, accounting books, the overview of corporate law and corporation, the classification of corporation, the establishement of company, the capital system under compnay law, share and assets, shareholders and their rights, corporate governance, merger and acquisation, overview of bankruptcy law, ? substantive bankruptcy law, procedure ? bankruptcy law, overview of commercial paper law, the classification and the basic rules of commercial paper, overview security law, ? issue and sponsor system, listing and trade system, investment fund system, overview of issurance law, issurance contract, property issurance, life issurance, issurance industry, maritime law, vessel and stewages, transportation contract, leasing vessel contract, incidents and the liability system etc

    課程內容包括,商法的概念、特徵、基本原則、商主體、商行為、商事登記、商號、商事帳簿、公司與公司法概述、公司的類、公司的設立、公司的資本制度、股份與股票、股東與股權、公司的治理結構、公司的合併與解、破產法概述、破產程序法、破產實體法、票據法概述、匯票、本票、支票、證券法的基本問題、證券市場主體法律制度、證券發行與承銷法律制度、證券上市及交易法律制度、證券投資基金制度、保險法概述、保險合同、財產保險、人身保險、保險業、海商法概述、船舶和船員、海上運輸合同、船舶租用合同和海上拖航合同、船舶碰撞、海難救助、共同海損、海事賠償限制等部
  7. This thesis regard internal property reorganization in the group of pangang as the research object, from chengdu seamless steel pipe limited liability company with chengdu iron and steel works inside exterior environment reorganizing in front and back commences, making use of to exceed the makel - bot with of five factors competition models and the method of factors analysis, after analyzing the reorganization of the business enterprise a profession for facing competes the situation. develop the development the business enterprise with the profession industry from the international local profession rival circumstance after analyzing the reorganization should the market position of the establishment with develop the strategy target. make use of the swot the analysis the method, to after the reorganization the development strategy of the business enterprise, from manage the angle proceeded the fixed position analyzes, for after the reorganization business enterprise development provided four kinds of developments strategy that eligibility choose : the brave development strategy, request the resources advantage, funds advantage, human resource advantage, technique advantage that new company make the most of new business enterprise in empress in reorganization, is an essential condition to increases to manage the level, quickly technique reforms, develop the high and additional worth product with new product production line, as soon as quikly change to strong and large business enterprise, realizes soon steel aircraft carrier dream ; dispersion strategy, the technology market quota with deal with produce high additional worth product, completely promote business enterprise brand image, extend high carry product of the exaltation product, is a necessary means to increases business enterprise performance, realizes business enterprise target ; defense strategy, adjusting the business enterprise organizes construction, reducing the intensive type in labor and the low additional worth product line, lower bad the property saves the deal, alleviating the business enterprise burden, attaining the casual wear go to battle, benefitting to the challenge that make frontal attack the rival ; withdraw strategy, compress the production of the high depletion and high cost product, simplify the production craft, controlling the cost of the end product in the lower level, is a valid path to increases business enterprise competition ability

    本論文以攀鋼集團內部的資產重組為研究對象,從成都無縫鋼管有限公司與成都鋼鐵廠重組前後的內外部環境入手,運用邁克爾?波特的五力競爭模型及因素析法,析了重組后的企業所面臨的行業競爭態勢。從國際國內行業競爭對手情況和本行業發展動態析了重組后企業應確立的市場地位和發展戰略目標。運用swot析法,對重組后企業的發展戰略,從管理角度進行了定位析,為重組后企業發展提供了可選擇的四種發展戰略:即大膽發展戰略,要求新公司充運用重組后新企業的資源優勢,資金優勢,人力資源優勢,技術優勢,是提高管理水平,加快技術改造,開發高附加值產品和新產品生產線,盡快立於強勢企業之林,早日實現「鋼鐵航母」夢的必要條件;性戰略,提高產品的科技含量和生產高附加值的產品,全面提升企業品牌形象,擴大高端產品的市場份額,是提高企業效益,實現企業目標的必要手段;防禦性戰略,調整企業組織結構,削減勞動密集型和低附加值產品生產線,降低不良資產存量,減輕企業包袱,做到輕裝上陣,有利於迎擊競爭對手的挑戰;退出性戰略,壓縮高消耗、高成本產品的生產,降低低端產品的比例,精簡生產工藝,將最終產品的成本控制在較低水平,是提高企業競爭力的有效途徑。
  8. They believe that the damages should be borne by the party concerned who has the capability of cost dissipation, and, with the enterprise who creates danger adding the losses it undertakes to the cost of its product, be finally dissipated to thousands and thousands pf consumers who buy the product, reaching the goal of allocation of losses in cost. the liability for damages should be assumed by the party who is capable of performing the duty of awareness and avoiding the accident. the victim normally has not such capability while the danger creator does have the capability to prevent the damage occurring

    認為損害應由具有成本能力的一方當事人承擔,通過製造危險的企業將其商品的成本中加入其所承擔的損失,而給購買其商品的千千萬萬個消費者而達到成本攤損失的目的;損害應由有能力採取注意義務;避免意外事故發生的當事人負,受害人一般無此能力,相反危險的製造者則有能力避免損害發生;基於公平的觀念,製造危險者往往從危險活動中受益,由其承擔損失是正義的要求;危險的成立,也是訴訟上證據保全的要求,即從事異常危險沼動所導致的損害事件,例如炸藥爆炸、大量汽油爆炸以及飛機失事等、意外事故,查常破壞這些事件過程中的證據,使證據滅失,而由原告證,明被告過失顯然不能,因此對被告的高度危險性活動所生損害應負嚴格
  9. In our country, some scholars have made some achievements in the study on the theory of contracting fault liability, but in general, those

    我國學界對締約過失的理論研究取得了一些成果,但總的來說,這些成果呈現出性與雜亂性的特徵。
  10. As far as the practice of law is concerned, the actual legislation for business registration has many problems, and with the rapid development of our national economy and the on - going reform, more loopholes will be exposed, which requires us firstly to analyze and study these problems in commercial theories and then put forward relevant legislative proposals

    二、我國現行商事登記立法存在的問題主要有:就立法形式而言,立法、重疊;就立法內容而言,將主體資格與經營資格混同;就程序建構而言,行政審批事項設置過多過濫,登記機關及登記人員缺位,事後監督與糾錯機制缺失。
  11. I think it my duty to report to your majesty the condition of the various corps under my observation on the march the last two or three days. they are almost disbanded. hardly a quarter of the men remain with the flags of their regiments ; the rest wander off on their own account in different directions, trying to seek food and to escape discipline

    「我有向陛下報告,這三天我在各軍團行軍中所見到的情況,這些軍團已潰不成軍,軍旗下只有四之一的士兵,余者四奔逃,去尋找食物或逃避執行軍務。
  12. Several unique points of view in anglo - american law about the theoretical basis of liability of danger add to mr. j. esser ' s theory. they are cost dissipation, damages prevention, equity concept, and evidence preservation

    在美國侵權行為法中關于危險之理論基礎除了與艾瑟爾的觀點有相同之處外,還有其獨特之處,提出了成本、損害預防、公平觀念和證據保全的觀點。
  13. Part two : organizing strategy of cooperative learning in implementation of new mathematical curriculum this part analyzes the problem in the process of implementing of cooperative learning in new mathematical curriculum by observing in classroom and studying case. six problems is : ( 1 ) the group activity stay on the formal, and lack the material cooperation ( 2 ) individual duty diffuse, " take a ride " phenomenon have the occurrence ; ( 3 ) student social intercourse technical lack. ( 4 ) no change in teacher ' s role, lacking guidance to student ; ? ividing group difficultly for big class formation, fulling of too much noisy in classroom ; ? valuation system is not well, group cooperation exist in name only, provides six suggestions for these problems : ( 1 ) dividing group scientificly and vividly ; ( 2 ) leading student active cooperative learning ; ( 3 ) increasing the individual duty ; ( 4 ) cultivating students " cooperative method and social intercours technical ; ( 5 ) enhancing management in classroom ; ( 6 ) handling a few relations rightly ; finally, puts forward the principle and program of orgnizing cooperative learning in new mathematical curriculum

    二、新數學課程實施中合作學習的組織策略本部在對實驗區數學課堂觀察和個案研究的基礎上,析得出了新數學課程實施中合作學習存在的6個問題:小組活動留于形式,缺乏實質性合作;個體, 「搭車」現象時有發生;學生社交技能欠缺,合作效率低下;教師對自己角色轉變認識不清,指導作用沒有跟上;大班額組困難,課堂過于喧嘩混亂;評價體系沒有跟上,小組合作名存實亡。針對這些問題,對新數學課程實施中開展合作學習提出了6方面建議:科學靈活地組;引導學生主動合作學習;提高個體:重視對學生合作方法、社交技能的培養;加強合作學習中課堂管理;正確處理幾對關系。最後提出了新數學課程實施中合作學習的組織的原則和組織序列。
  14. Some prominent problems adout the organization construction of village political power at the bascl level is influencing the villages " stead and development. how can we reorganize the peasants, who are scatter, farming in the from of a family and a person after they follow the correlate produce contract obligation regulations. and how can we set up organizations of village political power at the basic level which are fit for the villge practical assumption and have the chinese features

    農村基層政權的鞏固與發展直接關繫到國家的安危。近幾年來,農村基層政權建設的一些突出問題,正影響著農村社會的穩定與發展。如何把實行家庭聯產承包制后,處於一家一戶經營狀態的農民重新組織起來,建立起符合中國農村實際、具有中國特色的農村基層政權呢
  15. Environmental liability insurance is the responsibility of risk through socialization address the problem of environmental pollution damages, its one of the effective ways to protect victims of environmental pollution timely because of their huge compensation and bankruptcy of enterprises have played an important role

    環境保險可以風險,使企業的損害賠償由社會來擔,通過風險社會化解決環境污染損害賠償問題。環境保險在保障環境污染受害人及時獲得補償,避免企業因承擔巨額賠償而破產等方面發揮了重要作用。
  16. Any insurance company suffer loss of a huge sum to shun the professional work of own accept insurance, can conclude through reinsurance means reinsurance contract, oneself the one part of the risk of accept insurance and responsibility transforms other insurance company, enlarge accept insurance capacity in order to achieve, run a risk dispersedly, stabilize operation result, enhance the purpose of financial strength

    何保險公司為了避免自己承保的業務遭受巨額損失,都可以通過再保險方式訂立再保險合同,將自己承保的風險和的一部轉移給其他的保險公司,以達到擴大承保能力,經營風險,穩定經營成果,增強財務力量的目的。
  17. On one hand, after the introduction of the household contract system to the rural areas, the original technology department could no longer meet the needs of large numbers of rural households with their individual businesses that widely populated across the country. on the other hand, the rapid development of the market economy confronted the farmers, most of which shook helplessly in face of the large corporations, with the overwhelmingly fierce competition

    一方面,農村實行家庭聯產承包制后,原有的技術經濟部門無法滿足千家萬戶、經營的農戶各方面的需求;另一方面,市場經濟的發展已將個體農民推到了競爭的前沿,而弱小的農民單憑自身力量很難與強有力的市場主體抗衡。
  18. In order to spread risks, balance out fluctuations and stabilize operations, an insurer must pass part risks and liabilities over its underwriting capacity to other insurers. it was the demands of risk spread and loss allocation that straight gave birth to reinsurance

    為了風險、均衡業務、穩定經營,保險人需要將超過自身承受能力的一部風險和轉嫁給其他保險人擔,這種對「風險,攤損失」的需求直接導致了再保險的產生。
  19. Fouth, the essay analyses the influence of liability insurance upon the criterion of liabity in tort law. liability insurance ensures and stabilizes the position of no - fault liability. liability insurance has both positive and negative influence upon the applicable scope of no - fault liability. finally, the writer concludes that criterion of liability system in our country should include both the fault liability and no - fault liability. with the case analysis, the writer again rejects to regard the equitable liability as the criterion of liability

    又次,本文從現代工業社會事故激增並趨嚴重,損失的思想逐漸取代損失轉移成為侵權行為法的思考方式的角度,從侵權體現的正義觀發生變化的角度,審視了保險對侵權行為法歸原則的影響:保險肯定並穩定了無過錯原則的地位,對無過錯原則的適用范圍既是促進也是遏制。
  20. In sum, the core viewpoint of stakeholder theory can be concluded that the firm is a nexus of relationship among stakeholders, whose responsibilities and obligations are formed through explicit contracts and implicit contracts. the residual rights of the firm are distributed symmetrically, separately and unbalancedly among asset owners and human recourse owners in order to create wealth for its stakeholders and the society

    總而言之,利益相關者理論的核心思想可以歸結為:企業是其利益相關者相互關系的聯結,它通過各種顯性契約和隱性契約來規范其利益相關者的和義務,並將企業剩餘權在企業物質資本所有者和人力資本所有者之間進行非均衡地對稱佈,進而為其利益相關者和社會有效地創造財富。
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